以聚乳酸为原料,使用实验室自制的熔体静电纺丝装置制备了聚乳酸超细纤维.采用正交试验设计探究了纺丝关键工艺参数——喷丝头孔径、电压、纺丝距离、熔体温度对纤维成型的影响.借助高速摄影装置记录了射流运动过程,扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对纤维微观形貌进行了表征.实验结果表明,反纺情况下射流运动几乎没有鞭动;喷丝头孔径对纤维直径有显著影响,纺丝距离次之,温度和电压的影响相对较小;设定合适的熔体温度和电压、使用较小孔径的喷丝头或在一定范围内减小纺丝距离,均可缩小纤维直径;射流路径空间温度显著影响纤维之间的粘接状态.
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