不锈钢具有优异的耐蚀性能和抗中温氧化性能,在化工、电力、冶金等领域得到了广泛的应用.然而,在含有Cl-的介质或900℃以上的高温环境下,其应用受到限制.利用激光表面改性技术可拓展其潜在的应用领域.综述了利用激光表面改性技术提高不锈钢耐蚀、抗高温氧化性能的研究进展.添加Mo、N、Cr等元素和控制δ-铁素体含量、去敏化处理、生成陶瓷相或金属间化合物等硬质相、细化表面组织能有效提高不锈钢耐蚀性能;通过添加含Cr、Al、Si等合金粉末、自熔合金粉末(MCrBSi)、热障涂层(MCrAlY)、高熔点金属间化合物来提高不锈钢的抗高温氧化性能;利用激光改善不锈钢表面的耐蚀性和抗氧化性能过程中,控制开裂是关键.
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