采用一种新型的水交换法制备工艺,以天然石墨、高锰酸钾、浓硫酸为原料,制得了在160℃时即可发生膨胀的低温可膨胀石墨.采用热失重分析(TGA)、傅立叶转换红外光谱分析(FT-IR)、X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电镜(SEM)对其结构进行了表征与分析.结果表明,通过水交换法使得插入石墨层间的主要物质为水,水在低温下瞬间汽化对石墨片层产生张力,导致石墨低温膨胀.因此,石墨发生膨胀时无有害小分子释放,对环境友好.
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