采用落管无容器处理技术研究了Sb747 Sn25.3二元过包晶合金的快速凝固,获得的合金粒子直径D介于70～1080μm之间.理论计算表明,随着粒子直径的减小,过冷度和冷却速率均呈指数关系增大,最大过冷度为298K(0.36TL).研究发现,在自由落体条件下,快速凝固组织由初生Sb固溶体相和包晶SbSn金属间化合物相组成,Sb固溶体相以非小平面和小平面两种生长方式长大.当过冷度增大时,释放的熔化潜热增多,初生相逐渐细化,非小平面初生Sb相由“粗大枝晶”向“碎断枝晶”转变,当D＜400μm时,一次枝晶臂显著变短,二次枝晶间距明显减小；同时发生溶质截留现象,初生Sb固溶体相中溶质Sn的固溶度发生了显著拓展,由ΔT=32K时的7.86％(原子分数,下同)线性增大至ΔT=298K时的10.47％.
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