针对传统硫酸化焙烧红土镍矿能耗高、设备腐蚀大等缺点,采用硫酸铵焙烧-水浸处理红土镍矿的工艺;考察硫酸铵焙烧过程中焙烧剂硫酸铵用量、焙烧温度、焙烧时间对有价金属回收率的影响,并对红土镍矿硫酸铵焙烧热力学进行分析.结果表明:在矿料与硫酸铵质量比4∶3、焙烧温度400℃、焙烧时间90 min的工艺条件下,红土镍矿中Ni、Co、Mn的回收率分别达到90.8％、85.41％和86.74％,而Fe的回收率仅为9.98％,达到选择性提取有价金属的效果.升高温度有利于蛇纹石相与硫酸铵的反应,抑制镁铁矿石的反应,从而抑制该部分Fe的硫酸化.经适当条件焙烧后,目标金属以硫酸盐形式进入水相,而Fe主要以不溶于水的形式存在.
Aimed at the shortages of traditional sulfation roasting process,such as high energy consumption and equipment corrosion,the method of ammonium sulfate roasting-water leaching for nickel laterite was applied.The parameters in roasting procedure such as ammonium sulfate dosage,roasting temperature and roasting time were studied.The process of ammonium sulfate roasting was analyzed in thermodynamics to illustrate the effect of roasting temperature.The results indicate that the recovery rates of Ni,Co and Mn are 90.8％,85.41％ and 86.74％,respectively,and Fe dissolution is only 9.98％.Higher roasting temperature boosts the reaction of ammonium sulfate and serpentine ore much more rather than magnesioferrite,which inhibits the sulfation of Fe from magnesioferrite.In roasting products,objective metals exist in the form of sulfate,which can be leached into the aqueous phase while the iron exists mainly in the form of water-insoluble oxide.
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