在变压器局部放电超高频（UHF）检测中，局部放电检测灵敏度和有效性受到传感器安装位置的影响。为了确定传感器安装位置的影响程度和给出合理的安装建议，采用有限差分方法（FDTD），以一台220 kV变压器为例，对不同位置局部放电源激发的电磁波在变压器内部结构中的传播特性进行仿真研究，并对内置式传感器的合理安装位置进行分析和讨论。结果表明：由变压器内部局部放电产生的电磁波具有较为复杂的传播特性；安装于变压器箱体正面及背面的传感器能够更好的检测发生在调压、低压、中压及高压绕组之间以及相间的局部放电。通过仿真研究，证明了变压器仿真模型能够有效指导实际变压器UHF传感器安装位置的选择。
The detection sensitivity and effectiveness of UHF partial discharge(PD) are affected by the install location of sensors. To determine the influence of install location and provide some reasonable suggestions, taking a 220 kV transformer as example, we studied the propagation characteristics of the electromagnetic wave excited by different PD sources using finite difference time domain (FDTD) method. The rational install location of sensors were analyzed and discussed. The results show that the internal PD electromagnetic wave of transformers has complex propagation characteristics. The sensor installed at the front and back of the transformer can better detect the PD occurred between different windings and different phases. The simulation model can guide the selection of install location for UHF sensor in transformer.
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