采用表面机械研磨(Surface Mechanical Attrition Treatment,SMAT)在304不锈钢表面制备出纳米晶层(平均晶粒尺寸20 nm).采用腐蚀失重试验和极化曲线测试等方法比较了粗晶(Coarse-grained,CG)和纳米晶(Nano-crystallized,NC)304不锈钢在室温及80℃条件下5％(质量分数)硫酸溶液中的耐蚀性,采用透射电镜(TEM)观察表面纳米化后的微观结构,并利用扫描电镜(SEM)分析了腐蚀行为和微观结构的关系.失重试验结果表明,在两种温度条件下的稀硫酸溶液中,纳米晶结构的304不锈钢耐腐蚀性能明显变差,腐蚀特征以沿晶破坏为主,局部显示出均匀腐蚀形态.电化学测试结果表明,纳米化后的304不锈钢具有更低的自腐蚀电位和更高的自腐蚀电流密度.
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