单芯和多芯拉拔工艺是铋系高温超导带材(Bi-2223/Ag)制备过程中必不可少的重要环节.为研究超导粉体在拉拔过程中的变形行为,对单芯超导线材的拉拔工艺进行理论分析,建立了工艺参数与粉体密度之间的关系,并通过试验验证其合理性.同时,采用大截面减缩率单芯拉拔工艺来实现铋系超导线材的节能高效成形.对1.86 mm61芯Bi-2223/Ag线材进行显微硬度测试,并结合数值模拟进行三道次拉拔加工,分析认为:在加工过程中,各超导芯之间及芯内部均存在密度分布不均匀性,且各层粉体密度随拔制过程不断波动,将不利于后续轧制工艺.为此,提出渐进跑道形三道次拉拔工艺,并应用于铋系超导带材的后期拉拔加工,可提高最终带材的临界电流密度10.1％.
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