激光快速成形技术集计算机辅助设计、高功率激光熔覆、快速成形于一体,通过激光熔化同步输送的金属或陶瓷粉末,在基板上逐层熔化堆积而形成致密的材料或零件.其离散/堆积的成形特点使得该技术在材料及零件制备上具有很大的柔性,通过精确控制2种或多种材料粉末的输送和相应的工艺可以实现材料组成、微观组织结构和性能的梯度分布及多种材料的集成.介绍了激光快速成形的原理、技术特点、系统组成,着重介绍了国内外采用该技术在制备功能梯度材料方面的研究开发情况,简要分析了利用激光快速成形技术制备功能梯度材料的发展前景.
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