用辅以回流处理的两步法制备硫酸化氧化锆(SO2-4-ZrO2), 再用浸渍法制备Li质量含量为0.5%~15%的LiCl/SO2-4-ZrO2催化剂. 650 ℃时,在Li含量为15%的催化剂上,获得了90.6%的乙烷转化率、85.9%的乙烯选择性和77.8%的乙烯收率,在24 h的实验考察中,乙烯的收率一直保持在71%以上. 采用X射线粉末衍射、低温N2吸附、程序升温脱附和X射线光电子能谱等对催化剂的体相结构、比表面积、表面酸碱性和表面元素组成等进行了表征. 结果表明, LiCl的添加使催化剂中四方相ZrO2的含量降低,比表面积减小,表面酸性减弱,乙烷氧化脱氢催化性能明显提高,但ZrO2的体相结构对其催化性能没有明显影响. 随着反应时间的延长, LiCl慢慢流失,催化剂的乙烯选择性逐渐下降. 与未经回流处理制得的硫酸化二氧化锆相比,采用回流处理后的ZrO2制得的SO2-4-ZrO2具有较大的比表面积,单位质量的样品可负载更多的LiCl, 有利于延缓催化剂活性因LiCl流失而下降.
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