汽车车身多材料结构要求两种不同类型的材料进行连接(如钢-铝、铸铁-铝、铝-镁等).激光焊热量集中,热源能准确控制,应力应变小,与其他焊接方法相比,更适合于钢、铝异种材料的焊接.在分析钢-铝焊接难点的基础上,总结了当前钢-铝激光焊接中常见的焊接缺陷、接头连接形式、表面处理及填加焊料,着重概括了激光焊接工艺参数对焊缝质量的影响,指出钢-铝激光焊接技术未来的发展趋势是设计与开发柔性化夹具,加强钢-铝激光焊接工艺参数优化、焊接缺陷控制、合金元素填料筛选、FeAl脆性金属间化合物与延塑性较好金属间化合物的形成条件、Fe/Al界面结合机理等方面的基础研究,期望为激光焊接多材料车身结构提供重要的技术参考.
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