The synthesis of MnO2 powders by hydrothermal method with different oxidizing agents has been successfully achieved. The characterizations by scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray analyses, transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction techniques confirm the synthesis of nanostructured γ-MnO2 powders. The electrochemical reactivity of these powders in 1 mol/l KOH is investigated by cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) by using microcavity electrode. The results reveal that the MnO2 synthesized with Na2S2O8 shows the highest electrochemical reactivity in the test medium. This is due both to its large expanded surface area and its crystallographic variety γ-MnO2 formed in the matrix of ramsdellite, which is largely used as cathodic material for primary batteries. However, the presence of pyrolusite in the structure of γ-MnO2 synthesized with (NH4)2S2O8 decreases its electrochemical reactivity due to its narrow 1×1 size tunnel, which hinders the protons insertion.
参考文献
| [1] | |
| [2] | |
| [3] | B. Messaoudi, S. Joiret, M. Keddam and H. Takenouti: Electrochim. Acta, 2001, 46, 2487.[2 ] L.E. Cadus and O. Ferreti: Appl. Catal. A, 2002,233, 239.[3 ] L.M. Gandia, M.A. Vicente and A. Gil: Appl. Catal. B, 2002, 38, 295.[4 ] J. Yang and J. Xu: J. Electrochem. Comm., 2003, 5, 306.[5 ] F.H.B. Lima, M.L. Calegaro and E.A. Ticianelli: J. Electroanal. Chem., 2006, 590, 152.[6 ] Y.L. Cao, H.X. Yang, X.P. Ai and L.F. Xiao: J. Electroanal. Chem., 2003, 557, 127.[7 ] P. Ruetschi, R. Giovanoli and P. Buerki: in Proceedings of Manganese Dioxide Symposium, 1975, 1, 12.[8 ] L. Benhaddad, L. Makhloufi, B. Messaoudi, K. Rahmouni and H. Takenouti: Materiaux et Techniques, 2007, 95, 405.[9 ] L. Benhaddad, L. Makhloufi, B. Messaoudi, K. Rahmouni and H. Takenouti: in Conference Internationale sur le Genie des Procedes (CIGP'07), University of Bejaia, Bejaia, Algeria, 2007.[10] L. Benhaddad, L. Makhloufi, B. Messaoudi, K. Rahmouni and H. Takenouti: in 5th Int. Conf. on Chemistry, University of Cairo, Department of Chemistry, Cairo, Egypt, 2008.[11] L. Benhaddad, L. Makhloufi, B. Messaoudi, K. Rahmouni and H. Takenouti: Journees d'Electrochimie (JE'07), Lyon, France, 2007.[12] L. Benhaddad, L. Makhloufi, B. Messaoudi, K. Rahmouni and H. Takenouti: ACS Appl. Mater. Interfac., 2009, 1, 424.[13] Y. Muraoka, H. Chiba, T. Atou, M. Kikuchi, K. Hiraga, Y. Syono, S. Sugiyama, S. Yamamoto and J.C. Grenier: J. Solid State Chem., 1999, 144, 136.[14] S. Ching, D.J. Petrovay and M.L. Jorgensen: Inorg. Chem., 1997, 36, 883.[15] R.N. Reddy and R.G. Reddy: J. Power Sources, 2003, 124, 330.[16] Y.J. Xiong, Y. Xie, Z.Q. Li and C.Z. Wu: Chem. Eur. J., 2003, 9, 1645.[17] Y. Jang, B. Huang, H. Wang, D. Sadoway and M. Chiang: J. Electrochem. Soc., 1999, 146, 3217.[18] K. Hansung and B.N. Popov: J. Electrochem. Soc., 2003, 150, A1153.[19] K. Hansung and B.N. Popov: J. Electrochem. Soc., 2003, 150, A56.[20] T. Brousse, M. Toupin and D. Belanger: J. Electrochem. Soc., 2004, 151, A614.[21] M. Kloss, D. Rahner and W. Plieth: J. Power Sources, 1997, 69, 137.[22] H. SchlÄ |
- 下载量()
- 访问量()
- 您的评分：
-
10%
-
20%
-
30%
-
40%
-
50%