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根据测试距车轴表面2mm深度处残余应力的要求,推导了剥层测残余应力的修正公式,利用生死单元法模拟了车轴车削的过程,验证了该修正公式的正确性,并采用X射线衍射法测定了距某车轴表面2mm深度处的轴向和周向残余应力。结果表明:X射线衍射法和修正公式能有效测出距车轴表面2mm深度处的残余应力;轴向残余应力最大值(绝对值)和周向残余应力最大值(绝对值)分别出现在0°测点和90°测点,其值分别为~139.15MPa和-105.21MPa,轴向残余应力和周向残余应力各点的差值均小于EN13261标准规定的40MPa。

According to the principle for measuring the residual stress under axle surface 2 mm, the modified formula for stripping method measuring residual stress was deduced, and the correctness of the modified formula was proved by using birth-death element method to simulate the progress Of turning the axle. The axial and circumferential residual stresses under axle surface 2 mm were tested by X-ray diffraction method. The results show that the X-ray method and modified formula could measure the residual stress under axle surface 2 ram. The maximal values of axial and circumferential residual stresses appeared at 0°and 90° test points, and their value were --139. 15 MPa and --105.21 MPa, respectively, and the differences of axial and circumferential residual stress in every points were less than EN13261 prescribed value of 40 MPa.

参考文献

[1] 黄惠茹 .火车车轴三维残余应力分布规律研究[D].北京工业大学,2005.
[2] 封全保,刘建新,吕士勇.车轴表面应力分析[J].交通运输工程学报,2005(03):1-4.
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