<正> 虽然奥氏体不锈钢在42％MgCl_2沸腾溶液中的应力腐蚀并不是由氢致开裂引起的,但在应力腐蚀过程中生成的氢可以进入试样并可在裂纹前沿富集。为澄清进入试样的氢是否对阳极溶解过程产生促进作用,曾有人用失重法、晶间腐蚀和极化曲线变化等研究氢对阳极行为的影响,并得出氢促进阳极溶解的结论。应当指出,充氢试样的阳极电流包括了氢的氧化电流,因此充氢后阳极电流的增大并不证明氢促进了阳极溶解过程。虽然失重法能反映氢的促进作用,但只适用于腐蚀较为严重的情况。
Effect of hydrogen on anodic dissolution and passivation of 304 stainless steel has been studied in 1N H_2SO_4+0.1N HCl solution at controlled potentials. Ion concentrations of Fe, Cr and Ni dissolved in the solution are determined using plasma emission spectroscopy. Thus, the amount of net corrosion of the steel containing hydrogen is obtained. The results show that hydrogen promotes strongly anodic dissolution of 304 stainless steel in the transpassive potential region, (E=1.0V, SCE). The rate of dissolution increases with hydrogen content. The ion concentrations of Fe, Cr and Ni in fhe solution under different charging time are analyzed. The ion ratio of Fe, Cr and Ni is about 78:16:6 for uncharged specimen, while it is the same as that of the chemical composition of the steel for hydrogen charged specimen, i.e., Fe:Cr:Ni=72:19:9. This result reveals that hydrogen decreases the stability of passive film. In the passive potential region(E=0.5V), however, hydrogen has little effect on the anodic behavior. The ion ratio is 82:11:7 for both hydrogen charged and uncharged specimens. The amount of net corrosion of the specimens with hydrogen is about equal to that of the specimen without hydrogen.
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