针对某石化公司一支锅炉水冷壁管发生爆裂的问题，观察了其宏观形貌和微观组织，分析了其断口特征，结果表明：爆口毗邻炉管明显胀粗，壁厚显著减薄；爆口毗邻金属具有贝氏体＋少量铁素体显微组织，而锅炉管正常组织为铁素体+珠光体；爆裂断口具有典型的韧窝断裂特征。综合分析认为，该锅炉水冷壁管的爆裂属于瞬时过热爆管。最后提出了该锅炉水冷壁管今后运行中应该注意的问题。
The macro-appearance, microstructure and fracture appearance of a boiler water cooling wall tube, which was burst while operated in Petrochemical Corporation, were investigated, aimed to make clear the reasons for this failure event. The results show that the diameter of tube is enlarged and the tube wall becomes thin at the cracked position; the microstructure at the cracked position is the mixture of bainite and a small amount of ferrite, but the normal microstructure should be the mixture of ferrite and pearlite; the fracture surface possesses a typical feature of dimple fracture. It is considered that the fracture event was caused by instantaneous super-heat of the tube while operated.
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