以纯镁、纯铝、结晶硅、Al-50%Cu中间合金为原材料，采用电阻炉熔化重力浇注法制备不同成分的过共晶铝硅合金。采用正交试验方法，探讨合金固溶时效处理后不同含量的15%~21%Si、1.5%~2.0%Cu、0.3%~0.7%Mg合金元素对过共晶铝硅合金硬度的影响；利用金相显微镜观察不同元素含量的过共晶铝硅合金的组织，用X线分析其相组成，用磨损试验机测试质量损失。结果表明：最佳配比为1.5%Cu、0.7%Mg、21%Si，其相组成为α-Al基体、初晶硅相和共晶硅相以及Mg2Si和Al2Cu相，布氏硬度达到132HB，耐磨损性能较高但冲击韧性下降。
With pure aluminum,pure magnesium crystal,silicon,intermediate alloy (Al - 50% Cu) as raw material, hypereutectic Al-Si alloys were prepared by the method of resistance furnace melting and gravity casting preparation. Using orthogonal test method,the effect of different content alloying elements of 15%to 21%Si,1.5%to 2.0%Cu,0.3%to 0.7%Mg on hardness of hypereutectic aluminum-silicon alloy treated by solid solution aging was studied. Metallographic microscope was used for microstructure observation,X-ray analysis for the phase composition,and abrasion tester for weight loss. Experimental results show that the optimun ratio for the content of Cu,Mg,Si is 1.8%,0.3%,21%,respectively. The phase composition consists of alpha-Al matrix phase and primary silicon and eutectic silicon phase and phase Mg2Si and Al2Cu. Brinell hardness is 132HB,and wear resistance is higher,while impact toughness drops.
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