利用已驯化的氧化亚铁硫杆菌(Thiobacillus ferrooxidans,简写Tf)进行硫化镍矿的生物浸出研究,在对矿样进行化学分析和XRD表征的基础上,考察了pH值、矿样添加量、细菌接种量等因素对镍浸出率的影响,并初步探讨生物浸出硫化镍矿的机理.研究表明,矿样主要成分包括镍黄铁矿((Fe,Ni)9S8)、镍磁黄铁矿((Fe,Ni)7S8)、黄铜矿(CuFeS2)、硫镍钴矿((Ni,Co)3S4)和硫钴铁矿((Ni,Co,Al)3S4)等,属硫化镍矿;经过酸预浸处理的矿样,在pH=1.8、矿样添加量50 g/L、细菌接种量10％的最优条件下,于30℃、150 r/min振荡培养,镍浸出率达81％;细菌在矿样表面吸附并对其浸蚀是浸出的关键,Fe3+对浸矿有显著促进作用.
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