为提高机床导轨的耐磨性能和工作寿命,应用激光表面改性技术对用于机床导轨的灰铸铁材料表面进行强化处理,用光学显微镜、扫描电镜和显微硬度计分析了激光处理后的形貌、显微组织和显微硬度的变化,采用磨损量对比测试了激光处理表面和常规处理表面的耐磨性能.试验结果表明,激光处理后的横截面区域可分为熔凝区、相变区、热影响区和基体四部分.激光处理区表面硬度较常规处理(485～545 HV)有显著提高,最高达980 HV.当测试距离达到30000 m时,激光处理试样的耐磨性能较常规处理提高约1倍,这是激光处理区晶粒超细化,硬度提高和石墨球综合作用的结果.
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