先使聚丙烯接枝马来酸酐(PP--g--MAH)与炭黑(CB)反应, 再与聚丙烯/尼龙6(PP/PA6)共混制备出CB位于两相界面处的PP/PA6/PP--g--MAH/CB导电高分子复合材料, 研究了材料的特殊结构和电学性能。结果表明, 在PP/PA6/CB体系中CB粒子分布在PA6相, 体系的逾渗阈值为2%; 而在PP/PA6/PP--g--MAH/CB体系中, CB被PP--g--MAH诱导分布在两相界面处。PP/PA6两相为海岛结构时, PP/PA6/PP--g--MAH/CB体系仍可导电。PP/PA6/PP--g--MAH/CB体系的逾渗阈值降至1.6%, 低于PP/PA6/CB体系。体系的正温度效应(PTC)强度远高于PP/PA6/CB体系, 在90-135℃范围内不出现负温度效应(NTC)。PP/PA6/PP--g--MAH/CB体系的电学性能归结于其特殊的界面形态结构: 导电通道由位于共混物界面处的PP--g--MAH和CB构建而成。
The maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (PP–g–MAH) was first reacted with carbon black (CB) and then blended with polypropylene/nylon6 (PP/PA6) to prepare the PP/PA6/PP–g–MAH/CB composites. The special morphology and electrical properties of the composites were investigated. The results show that in PP/PA6/CB blends, CB preferentially localizes in the PA6 phase and the percolation threshold is 2%. However, in the PP/PA6/PP–g–MAH/CB blends, CB particles can be induced by PP–g–MAH to localize at the interface. The composites of PP/PA6/PP–g–MAH/CB have conductivity even when PA6 and PP phases form sea–island morphology. The percolation threshold of PP/PA6/PP–g–MAH/CB is 1.6%, which is lower than that of PP/PA6/CB. Moreover, the PTC (positive temperature coefficient) intensity of PP/PA6/PP–g–MAH/CB composites is stronger than that of PP/PA6/CB, and the negative temperature coefficient (NTC) effect was eliminated within the temperature range of 90 and 135?C. The electrical properties of PP/PA6/PP–g–MAH/CB can be explained in terms of its special interface morphology: PP–g–MAH and CB localize at interface to form the conductive pathways.
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