分析了主要的熔融还原炼铁流程.COREX采用预还原竖炉+熔融气化炉的纯氧炼铁流程,已经工业化,但吨铁焦炭量维持在250 kg左右的水平,吨铁燃料比达到1 000 kg.FINEX采用多级流化床+热压块+熔融气化炉+煤气脱除CO:循环使用的纯氧炼铁流程,可直接处理粉矿,吨铁燃料比为800 ks左右,吨铁焦炭使用量在200kg左右,不过FINEX工艺复杂,效率低,仍在进行工业化试验.HISMELT试图采用一步法直接熔融还原粉矿,难度大,指标与预期相差较大,尚处在技术攻关阶段.可见,目前的熔融还原炼铁流程,离低能耗、低污染的炼铁目标相差甚远,最大的问题是预还原矿粉(球团)的低温还原性能差,提高铁矿的低温反应性能是熔融还原炼铁走向成功、高效、环保的关键所在.
Main smelting reduction ironmaking processes were analyzed. COREX process, a pre-reduc-tion shaft furnace + gasifier pure oxygen-bowing process, has been put into industrial production. ～ 250 kg coke and ～ 1 000 kg fuel are needed for producing 1 ton hot metal. FINEX process, a multi-step flu-idized bed + hot briquetting + gasifier + CO2 absorbing pure oxygen-bowing process, can use ore fines, and its consumption of coke and fuel are ～ 200 kg and 800 kg per ton hot metal respectively. However, FINEX process is very complex, low efficient and still in the stage of industrial experiment. HISMELT tries to reduce and smelt ore fines by one-step process, but it is difficult for the process to realize the an-ticipated targets, and the process is stir in the stage of technical research. So, present smelting reduction process can not realize low energy consumption and mild pollution ironmaking process, the key problem is the poor deoxidation properties of ore at low temperature. Improving deoxidation properties of ore can help smelting reduction process obtaining success, efficacy and good environment.
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