金属材料在复杂应力状态下的延性损伤与断裂是金属塑性成形领域的难点之一。本文以45中碳钢为研究对象，进行了拉伸、压缩、扭转、精冲试验，并结合有限元对各实验过程中的应力三轴度和延性损伤进行了分析，提出了金属材料的三种延性损伤机理：无空穴影响剪切损伤、剪切型空穴损伤和拉伸型空穴损伤。在此基础上，提出了一个新的基于空穴长大的延性损伤模型，能够较准确地预测材料拉伸、精冲过程中延性断裂的出现，扩大了损伤模型的预测范围。
The ductile damage and fracture in metallic materials under complex stress state is one of most difficult problems in metal forming. Tensile test, compression test, torsion test, and fine-blanking test of 45 steel were performed, and the stress triaxiality and ductile damage of each test are analyzed with FEM. Furthermore, three ductile damage mechanisms were proposed, which are shear damage without the influence of voids, shear-form void damage and tensile-form void damage. Based on above discovery, a new ductile damage model based on void growth was proposed, which can predict the occurrences in tension and fine-blanking of metallic materials accurately.
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