采用超声波处理活性炭,运用场发射扫描电镜、N2物理吸附和程序升温脱附-质谱等表征手段,考察了超声处理对活性炭的表面形貌、孔结构以及表面基团的影响. 以不同超声频率处理后的活性炭为载体,以钡和钾为助剂制备了一系列钌基氨合成催化剂,并考察了其性能. 结果表明,随着超声频率的提高,活性炭的杂质含量明显降低,中孔比表面积增加,表面不稳定基团的数量减少. 当采用功率100 W, 频率39.0 kHz的超声探头处理30 min时,活性炭表面的杂质含量较低,中孔比表面积适中,以其为载体制备的钌基氨合成催化剂的活性较高,在GHSV=10 000 h-1, 10.0 MPa和425 ℃的反应条件下,反应速率达到101.0 mmol/(g·h).
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