以撇取氧化膜称重的方法对比了周期表中25个常见元素对Sn-Pb共晶合金抗氧化能力的影响。其中以Ga,Ge,P的能力最强。最佳含量(wt-％)分别为Ga0.0008,Ge0.004,P0.003。用对氧化渣的化学分析法、X射线衍射法以及合金表层的X射线光电子能谱法研究了Ga,Ge,P三元素对Sn-Pb合金的抗氧化机理。实验表明,添加的微量元素均在表层高度富集,厚度30—40(A),Ga则深达70-100(A),它们形成致密的保护膜。膜的成分是相应添加元素的氧化物与氧化锡形成的复杂含氧酸盐。温度对含P和Ge的合金影响较大,高于350℃则失去其抗氧化能力。含Ga的合金在400℃范围内一直是稳定的。
The effect of individual additive at trace level of 25 select elements on the anti-oxidation susceptibility of the molten Sn-Pb eutectics has been scanned by the method of weighing the oxide films skimmed and collected fro mthe surface of molten alloys at 260±5℃. It was found that the elements in order of superlative susceptibility are Ga, Ge and P, and their best contents in wt-％ are 0.0008, 0.004 and 0.003 respectively. The anti-oxidation behaviour has been also examined by chemical analysis and X-ray powder diffraction as well as XPS technique for the study of surface layer of the alloy. Experiments indicated that the additive is highly enriched in the surface dense protective layer of 30-40 (A) thick, but for Ga up to 70-100 (A). The structure of the surface film is modified from porous into tenacious and compact one in the form of complex oxygen-containing acid salts of Sn with the oxide of enriched additive. The temperature dependence of antioxidation susceptibility is quite different, Ge and P additives no longer have any effect over 350℃, while alloy containing Ga is still stable even up to 400℃.
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