采用溶胶-凝胶技术制备了纳米TiO2和一系列稀土离子掺杂的TiO2光催化剂,通过X射线衍射、透射电镜及N2吸附等技术对其进行了表征,考察了样品光催化分解水制氢的性能. 结果表明,稀土离子掺杂有效抑制了TiO2粒子的生长,提高了粒子的分散性,增大了催化剂的比表面积,从而大幅度提高了其光催化分解水制氢的性能. 其中, Gd3+掺杂的TiO 2样品粒径最小,分散性最好,比表面积最大(是未掺杂TiO2的35倍). 掺杂离子的电子构型对样品的光催化制氢活性有较大影响,具有全空电子构型的La3+和半充满电子构型的G d3+掺杂的样品具有较高的光催化制氢活性(分别是未掺杂TiO2的3.69倍和3.72倍 ).
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