以廉价的工业水玻璃为凝胶前躯体,柠檬酸为凝胶促进剂,使用溶胶-凝胶与CO2超临界干燥工艺制备了块状的SiO2气凝胶,并探讨了酸性和碱性条件对所制备SiO2气凝胶结构与性能的影响.实验结果表明:水玻璃在酸性条件(pH≈4)和碱性条件(pH≈10)下均可以制备出完整、无开裂的二氧化硅气凝胶块体样品,酸性和碱性环境对水凝胶和最终SiO2气凝胶结构和性能的影响较大.酸性条件下获得的水凝胶呈透明块体,而碱性条件下所得水凝胶为白色不透明体.与碱性条件下制备的SiO2气凝胶相比,酸性条件下所得气凝胶具有更高的比表面积、较大的密度以及尺寸较小的胶体粒子.
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