相变材料是一类通过相变吸收或释放大量热量、实现热能存储和利用的材料,作为传热介质,相变材料的使用有助于热能使用效率的提高和低密度能源的开发利用.由相变材料在表面活性剂的作用下分散于传热流体中形成性能稳定的微/纳米相变乳液,是一种集储热与强化传热功能于一体的潜热型功能热流体.本文评述了相变乳液的制备及性能的研究进展,着重分析了相变乳液的稳定性、热性能及流变特性等主要性能,介绍了相变乳液的应用现状,并对相变乳液发展进行了展望.
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