采用熔融固体润滑剂和微孔金属陶瓷预制体的真空压力浸渗复合技术,制备出浸渗型互穿网络结构TiC/FeCrWMoV系高温自润滑复合材料.利用XP型高温摩擦磨损试验机考察其摩擦磨损性能,运用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、光电子能谱(EDXA)和X射线衍射(XRD)分析磨损表面成分、形貌和结构,探讨了该材料的高温自润滑机理.结果表明:高温摩擦磨损过程中,浸渗于复合材料微孔中的固体润滑剂扩散析出,并在摩擦表面形成含有PbWO_4、PbO、SnWO_4、Ag_2 WO_4、Ag_3 Sn等氧化物和金属间化合物的润滑膜是其在高温下具有良好自润滑性能的主要原因;摩擦界面的微孔结构是影响浸渗复合式高温自润滑材料摩擦过程中润滑膜完整性的主要因素.Pb-Sn-RE三元系复合固体润滑剂中加入Ag元素可以防止润滑膜表层开口孔隙的封闭,有助于浸渗复合式高温自润滑复合材料孔隙中固体润滑剂的持续扩散析出,以保证摩擦磨损过程中润滑膜的持久性和完整性.
A new type high temperature self-lubrication TiC/FeCrWMoV metal ceramics with an interpenetrating network was fabricated successfully by applying an innovating technology.A self-made vacuum high pressure infiltration furnace was used to infiltrate the metal ceramic preforlTlS with molten soft metal lubricants.Friction and wear behaviors of the composites were investigated using XP-5 type high temperature friction and wear tester.Images and structures of worn surfaces were analyzed by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM),energy dispersive X-ray (EDAX) analysis and X-ray diffractometry (XRD).Self-lubrication mechanisms of the composites were discussed.The experimental results indicated that during elevated temperature sliding,solid lubricants were squeezed out of micro-pores to the frictional surfaces to form PbMoO_4、PbO、SnWO_4、Ag_2 WO_4 and Ag_3 Sn.Formation of lubrication film containing these oxides and intermetaliic compounds were the main reason that the composites had good self-lubrication properties at high temperature.It is considered that the micro-pores on the friction surface would be the crucial factors determining the self-lubricating properties.The addition of silver can facilitate the breaking and moving of the wear debris hold on the friction surface,and thus to preserve the open pores at the surface and further supply the lubricant to the contact surface.
参考文献
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