Rotary bending fatigue tests were carried out using smooth specimens of a medium-carbon steel with two different grain sizes.The process of early crack development was observed by the replica method,and the effects of grain size and microstructure on short crack development were studied.It was shown that the initiation process of fatigue cracks is that the damaged region is intensified gradually,and the growth of short cracks relates to the coalescence of cracks.The grain size and microstructure have a great influence upon the initiation and growth of short cracks.A reasonable definition was given in relation to short fatigue crack initiation and propagation.
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