泡沫分散聚合法制备超大孔水凝胶的工艺核心为控制凝胶化过程和泡沫化过程的协同作用效果.探讨各影响因素对泡沫分散聚合工艺的影响,利用电镜、密度和溶胀动力学对材料的结构与性能进行表征.结果表明,以聚氧化乙烯/氧化丙烯和微交联羧甲基纤维素钠复配作为泡沫稳定剂,以碳酸氢钠为发泡剂,用量为10%,以N,N'-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺为交联剂,用量为0.6%,此条件下体系凝胶化时间为28 s左右,泡沫体积可达38 mL,两者的协同作用达到最优情况.乙醇洗涤烘干后,所获得凝胶样品具有大量贯穿,均匀分布的超大孔,1.5 min内即可达到溶胀平衡,且孔隙率越高,其密度越低,溶胀速率和溶胀率均越高.
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