采用连续共沉淀与喷雾干燥成型技术相结合的方法制备了不同K助剂含量的系列微球形Fe/Cu/K/SiO2催化剂(K/Fe质量比为0.010～0.058),采用低H2/CO比的合成气于典型的工业反应条件下(523～533 K, 1.5 Mpa, H2/CO=0.67)进行了长期的浆态相F-T合成(FTS)反应性能评价. 结果表明: K助剂的添加可增大催化剂活性,提高C5+、总的烯烃、有机含氧化合物及CO2的选择性,并促进水煤气变换反应,但过高的K含量易使催化剂反应稳定性变差. 适中的K含量为K/Fe＝0.030,该K含量催化剂的660 h浆态床FTS反应性能评价结果显示,该催化剂具有较高的催化活性和C5+选择性,产物分布较合理,长期运行稳定性好,反应后卸载下的催化剂形貌观测表明该催化剂还具有较好的抗磨损性能. 除K助剂的化学效应起主导作用外,催化剂的织构性质尤其是孔结构可能对催化剂的催化性能也有一定的影响,并引起K/Fe＝0.045时铁基催化剂对FTS产物选择性和水煤气变换反应活性的部分调变.
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