以沥青四氢呋喃溶液、沥青四氢呋喃溶液+20%焦炭粉(质量分数)和酚醛树脂四氢呋喃溶液+60%焦炭(质量分数)为预浸料预浸炭纤维,模压制成初坯体,然后再浸渍沥青-炭化,制备了3种单向纤维增强炭/炭(C/C)复合材料试样.对试样的密度、开孔率、层间剪切强度和显微结构进行了测试和观察,探讨了剪切破坏的机理.结果表明: C/C复合材料的层间剪切强度随密度的增大和孔隙度的降低而提高,高温处理虽可使致密度得到进一步增大,但层间剪切强度则由于基体炭的软化,以及基体炭与纤维(或焦炭粉颗粒)界面的变化而显著降低; 由于微裂纹和孔洞的存在,剪切裂纹前沿应力集中被释放,可阻止裂纹继续扩展,载荷的继续增大导致新裂纹的生成并扩展,所以C/C复合材料的三点弯曲剪切破坏呈多裂纹复合剪切模式.
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