以有机蒙脱土、纳米级SiO_2气凝胶和沉淀法白炭黑等具有不同粒子形状和结构特性的纳米粒子为增强填料,采用熔体共混法制备了丁基橡胶复合材料.采用SEM和XRD对复合材料的微观结构进行了表征,并研究了不同纳米填料对复合材料的力学性能、芥子气防护性能和燃烧性能的影响.结果显示:纳米级SiO_2气凝胶/丁基橡胶复合材料的力学性能最优,填充15 wt%SiO_2气凝胶的复合材料的拉伸强度和撕裂强度分别比丁基橡胶硫化胶提高了9倍和2.2倍.复合材料的芥子气防护性能与纳米填料的粒子形状有密切的关系,填充15 wt%层片状结构有机蒙脱土的复合材料的芥子气防护时间达到了21 h以上,明显优于填充近似球形粒子的纳米级SiO_2气凝胶和白炭黑的复合材料的防护性能.然而纳米填料使复合材料的氧指数和氧化分解温度只有少量提高,阻燃性能改善有限.
The isobutylene-isoprene rubber(IIR)composites were prepared by the melt blending method containingnanoparticle fillers with different morphologies and structures including organomontmorillonites(OMMT), silica aerogel and precipitated silica.Microstructures of the IIR composites were characterized via SEM and XRD.Effects of nanofillers on the mechanical properties,mustard protection and flammability of the composites were also investigated.The results show that the IIR composites reinforced with 1 5 wt%nanometer silica aerogel have the best mechanical properties and the tensile strength and tear strength are 9 and 2.2 times greater than those of the pure IIR vulcanizate.The mustard protection of the composites has close relation to particle shapes of nanofillers. Compared with the composite reinforced with sphere-like silica aerogel or precipitated silica,the plate-like OMMT/ IIR composites show more outstanding mustard protection and offer over 21 hours protection against mustard when 15 wt%OMMT is added.Unfortunately,nanofillers do not exhibit remarkable flame retardancy in experiments and oxygen indexes and oxidative decomposition temperatures of the composites only increase a little compared with the pure IIR vulcanizate.
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