采用超声波振荡与超声波破碎两种分散方法制备了低含量碳纳米管（CNTs）增强的环氧树脂, 研究了CNTs对树脂流变特性、 固化特性和力学性能的影响。进一步采用该树脂体系通过真空灌注工艺（VARIM）制备了CNTs含量为0.01%的CNTs-玻璃纤维/环氧树脂复合材料层板, 研究了两种分散方式下CNTs对复合材料层板力学性能的影响和CNTs的增强机制。结果表明： 超声波破碎分散使CNTs长度变短, 分散性更好, 与超声波振荡分散方式相比, CNTs对树脂增黏效果和树脂固化反应的影响更明显。采用双真空灌注工艺, 两种超声波分散方式下CNTs均提高了复合材料的弯曲性能、 层间剪切性能和树脂与纤维的粘结强度, 而单真空灌注工艺下CNTs的增强效果不明显, 说明受纤维过滤作用的影响, 选择合适的灌注工艺和CNTs分散方式, 低含量CNTs可实现对灌注工艺复合材料层板的增强。
Epoxy resin enhanced with low content carbon nanotubes(CNTs) dispersed by ultrasonic disruption and ultrasonic agitation was prepared, and the influences of CNTs on the curing behavior, rheological property and mechanical properties of epoxy resin were studied. The CNTs-glass fiber/epoxy resin laminates filled with 0.01% mass fraction of CNTs were fabricated using vacuum assisted resin infusion molding (VARIM). The effects of CNTs with the two dispersing methods on the mechanical properties of composite laminates and the enhancing mechanism of CNTs were investigated. The results show that the ultrasonic disruption can shorten the CNTs and improve their dispersion state in the resin. Compared with the CNTs dispersed by the ultrasonic agitation, the influences of the CNTs dispersed by the ultrasonic disruption on the increasing viscosity and curing reaction of epoxy resin are more obvious. The flexural property, interlaminar shear strength of the laminates and the bonding strength between the resin and the glass fiber are improved using double VARIM, while the CNTs enhancing effects are not significant using single VARIM. This outcome demonstrates that due to the filter effect of fibers, low content of CNTs can increase the properties of composite laminates molded using VARIM with suitable infusion molding and dispersing method of CNTs.
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