在微波辐射下,以乙醇/水混合溶剂为分散介质,聚乙烯吡咯烷酮为稳定剂,进行了甲基丙烯酸甲酯的分散聚合.利用透射电镜(TEM)、动态激光光散射粒度仪(PCS)研究了微球的形态和粒径大小,探讨了介质中乙醇含量、聚合前期微波功率、引发剂和稳定剂浓度对微球粒径及分布的影响.结果表明,当介质中乙醇质量分数在4096～50%时能得到稳定的聚合物微球.在一定范围内,随着反应前期微波功率的增大,微球粒径增大,粒径分布先减小后变大.与常规加热聚合相比,微波辐射能加快反应速率,提高单体转化率,所得的聚合物微球粒径小,单分散性更好.
The dispersion polymerization of methyl methacrylate was carried out under microwave irradiation in the ethanol/water medium, which polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) and 2, 2'-azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) was used as stabilizers and initiators respectively. The morphology, size and size distribution of the poly(methyl methacrylate) microspheres were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM)and photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS). The effects of the concentrations of initiator, stabilizer and the mass fraction of ethanol in the medium on the particle size and size distribution were investigated. Compared with conventional heating microwave irradiation has higher reaction rate, higher conversion, and the poly(methyl methacrylate) microspheres are much smaller and more uniformed than those obtained by conventional heating. When the mass fraction of ethanol in the medium ranged from 40% to 50% can form stable poly(methyl methacrylate) microspheres. In a certain power range, with the power of microwave increased in the previous polymerization stage, the sizes of the microspheres were increased, and the size distribution first decreased appropriate and then increased.
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