通过对生胶、硫化胶上侵蚀橡胶微生物的分离、筛选、鉴定、获得了攻击橡胶能力强的细菌有地衣芽孢杆菌(Bac. lichenformis)等5个种;霉菌有黄曲霉(Asp. flavus)等7个种及放线菌有灰色链霉菌(S. griseus)等9个种。在侵蚀橡胶能力及耐药性上,混合菌都比单一菌强。抗药性以细菌最强,霉菌次之,放线菌最弱。 橡胶抗菌侵蚀性能,生胶按天然胶、丁苯胶、丁基胶、氯丁胶、丁睛胶、聚硫胶顺序;硫化胶按丁苯、氯丁、丁睛橡胶次序递增。 按杀菌剂的杀菌力、持久性、同橡胶配合剂反应及对橡胶物理机械、老化等性能影响,及从价廉、低毒及稳定性比较,最终推荐用五氯酚锌(PR_2)为橡胶杀菌剂。加2—5％该药剂的防水丁睛胶有良好抗菌性,也不影响其物理机械性能。
The microbes that are able to deteriorate raw rubber and vulcanizates, have been isolated, screened and identified. Among them there are 5 bacterial species(Bacillus lichenformis, Achromobacter liquefaciens, Alcaligenes afaecalis etc), 7 fungi (Aspergillus flavus, Penicillium chrosogenum etc), and9 species of actinomyces. Mixed strains are more resistant toward microbicides than single strain and rubbers are more sensitive to microbial attack of mixed strains than to that of a single strain. The bateria are most resistant to microbicides, with fungi being less and actinomyces the least resistant. The tendency of anti-microbial attack of rubber increases in order of natural rubber, Buna S, butylrubber, neoprene, Buna N, thiokol in raw rubber; and Buna S, neoprene, Buna N in vulcanized rubber. According to microbicidal toxicity, the durability, the reaction with compounding ingredient, the effect of biocides on physical mechanical properties, ageing of rubber, cheap and low toxic, the microbicide Zn-pentachlorophenate(PR2)is selected from more than 40 microbicides. We suggest that PR2 is applied as microbicide for protection from microbial attack of rubber used in waterproof materials underground. The Buna N incorporated with a concentration 2-5％ of PR2 possesses not only excellent anti-microbial potency, but also desirable physical mechanical properties.
参考文献
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