天然金刚石主要生长面为{111},在其表面经常会存在大量凹陷的金字塔状或者底面平整的三角锥蚀坑缺陷,这种缺陷很少出现在人工合成金刚石单晶的表面.本研究在高温高压5.4 GPa、1550 K的条件下,以FeNi合金作为触媒,FeS为添加剂,利用温度梯度法(TGM)直接合成金刚石单晶的{111}表面同样发现有大量凹陷的金字塔状或者底面平整的三角锥蚀坑缺陷.而在体系中加入微量单质B时,高温高压直接合成金刚石单晶的{111}表面不仅存在大量金字塔状的三角锥蚀坑,还出现了天然金刚石表面不曾发现的大量规则的三角凸起平台和凸起的金字塔状或者顶面平整的三角锥缺陷.由此推断,尽管天然金刚石{111}表面经常出现的三角锥缺陷可能是在自然环境中后期腐蚀出现的,而在FeNi-C-FeS体系高温高压直接合成的金刚石单晶{111}表面出现的三角锥缺陷却是在晶体生长过程中直接形成的,FeS在这种表面缺陷的形成过程中起着不可或缺的作用.
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