用X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜和透射电子显微镜,研究了以瓷舟为载体、硝酸镍为原料、乙炔为碳源,在氨气中制备镍催化剂和纳米碳管时温度的影响,并讨论了氨气的作用.结果表明,以氨气还原硝酸镍获得镍催化剂时,最佳温度范围是700～800℃,此时催化剂的颗粒较细小且均匀,有利于纳米碳管的生长;此外,选用孔径比较细小均匀多孔的载体材料,有助于获得颗粒均匀细小的镍催化剂;在制备纳米碳管时,热分解氨得到的活性氢原子有利于维持催化剂的活性,抑制无定型碳的生成,从而促进纳米碳管生长.实验中纳米碳管的最佳制备温度为700～800℃,管径为10～25nm.
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