采用应力比R=-1的拉压高周疲劳实验,研究了汽轮机焊接模拟转子试样的高周疲劳裂纹的萌生与扩展过程,并通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和能谱(EDS)观察与分析了疲劳断口的形貌特征和微区成分.结果表明:疲劳裂纹常在夹杂物和气孔等缺陷处萌生,进而以此为裂纹源,逐渐发生扩展,直至材料最终断裂失效.对于30Cr2Ni4MoV转子钢,夹杂物性质主要为氧化物(如CaO、SiO2、Al2O3和MgO等),因此应严格控制钢中O、A1、Si、Mg、Ca等元素的含量.
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