为了解决六价铬钝化工艺的毒性问题,采用碱性无铬钝化工艺对A3钢上化学镀Ni-P合金镀层进行钝化处理,在镀层表面获得了抗氧化性与耐蚀性良好的钼酸盐钝化膜.研究了钝化液组分(包括碳酸钠和钼酸钠)的质量浓度以及钝化温度对镀层耐硝酸点滴腐蚀时间的影响,获得了最佳的钝化工艺:NaOH 10 g/L,Na2CO3 4.0 g/L,钼酸钠40.0 g/L,复合添加剂(四硼酸钠与亚硝酸钠组成的复合缓冲体系)5g/L,温度60℃,时间15 min.通过扫描电镜(SEM)和电化学测试,对比研究了钝化前、后Ni-P合金镀层的表面形貌及耐蚀性能,采用X射线光电子能谱仪(XPS)分析了最佳工艺得到的钝化膜的组成.经最佳钝化工艺处理得到的钝化膜无色透明,由Ni、P、O、 Mo等元素组成.钝化后,Ni-P合金镀层在3.5％ NaC1溶液(pH=6.8)中的电荷转移电阻由钝化前的11.6 kΩ·cm2增大至448.2 kΩ·cm2,耐硝酸点滴腐蚀时间提高了60倍以上,耐蚀性明显提高.
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