为了改善蒙脱土的层间结构,采用十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)与十八烷基三甲基氯化铵(OTAC)对钠基蒙脱土进行有机插层改性,并且考察了有机阳离子种类、反应温度、pH值及有机阳离子加入量对插层效果的影响.使用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(FTIR)、热重分析(TGA)、扫描电镜(SEM)与透射电镜(TEM)对样品进行了系统的分析.结果表明,OTAC插层效果比CTAB好,适宜的改性温度为80℃,在一定的范围内,pH的减小有利于插层,有机阳离子加入量为2倍于阳离子交换容量(CEC)时插层效果最理想.在此条件下,成功制备了有序高层间距纳米有机蒙脱土,晶面间距达到4.12 nm,甚至有部分片层剥离.
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