特殊钢是针对客户提出的质量要求，钢厂不断改进工艺，逐步提高成分、尺寸精确度和洁净度的各类钢的总称。钢中总氧量[T0]是衡量钢洁净度的重要标识，对于不同的钢种，其控制要求也不尽相同。在脱氧精炼过程中，存在着脱氧元素一钢中溶解氧、钢一渣、钢液一夹杂物、钢液一耐火材料、渣一耐火材料的反应与平衡，对钢中夹杂物的数量、组成和形态具有重要影响。通过热力学计算，比较了不同脱氧剂的脱氧能力，并介绍了典型特殊钢种（轴承钢、弹簧钢、帘线钢、电工钢、易切削钢等）精炼过程中的脱氧及夹杂物控制，分析和讨论了不同脱氧元素与钢液、熔渣以及耐火材料之间的相互作用机制。
Special steel is a general designation of certain types of steel with higher cleanness upgraded gradually by steel factories with promotion of process and equipment step by step according to the customer demands on product quality. The total oxygen content in steel is extremely important for its cleanness, the requirements of total oxygen for different steel is different. In the deoxidation refining process, the reactions will take place among the deoxida- tion elements, dissolved oxygen in the steel, molten steel, slag, inclusions, and refractory and evolve into balance. These reactions have an important impact on the quantity, composition and morphology of inclusions in the steel. So we make comparison of the deoxidation ability with different deoxidation elements by thermodynamic calculation. The deoxidation mechanism and the control of inclusions during the refining process of typical steels (bearing steel, spring steel, cord steel, electrical steel, free cutting steel etc. ) were also introduced. The mechanism of interaction among different deoxidation elements, molten steel, slag and refractory was analyzed and discussed.
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