利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜和能谱仪分析了齿轮钢矩形坯皮下裂纹的特征及成因。结果表明：皮下裂纹产生于矩形坯铸坯侧面，距离表面1~5mm，具有明显位置性；结晶器中钢液凝固前沿聚集的Al2O3夹杂物是皮下裂纹形成的主要原因；改变浸入式水口类型和控制钢水过热度可以改善结晶器中夹杂物分布和促进夹杂物上浮，避免皮下裂纹的产生，同时防止了棒材表面线纹的发生。
The character and cause of subsurface cracks on gear steel rectangular bloom were investigated by means of microscope, SEM and EDS. The results show that subsurface cracks which is 1-5mm far from surface, appears the sides of casting and have the obvious position. The main reason of subsurface cracks formation is that there exist mass Al2O3 inclusions in the front of steel liquid solidification in the mould. Changing the distribution of inclusions and promoting floatation of inclusions in the mould by changing into the nozzles types and controlling the degree of superheat can avoid producing subsurface cracks and streak defects in rod surface.
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