将结晶器移出感应加热器,使连续定向凝固时固液界面控制在结晶器出口;结合传热边界条件,求解连续定向凝固熔体区、液/固界面、空冷区和水冷区的一维稳态温度场方程,得出线坯最大稳态拉坯速度随熔体温度、结晶器长度、冷却距离和冷却水流量的变化规律;并基于直径为6 mm的Cu-12%Al(质量分数)线材制备的工艺条件,对理论解进行实验验证和讨论.结果表明:Cu-12%Al线材的最大稳态拉坯速度随熔体温度升高而降低,且降低速率逐渐减小,其中在1 150～1 300 ℃范围内降低37.3%;最大稳态拉坯速度随结晶器长度增加而增加,且增加速率逐渐减小,其中在20～40 mm范围内增加28.5%;最大稳态拉坯速度随冷却距离增加而降低,且降低速率逐渐减小,其中在4～12 mm范围内降低68.8%;冷却水流量在100～400 L/h范围内最大稳态拉坯速度变化不明显.当固液界面前沿温度梯度小于2.02 ℃/mm时,实际拉坯速度无法达到理论最大稳态拉坯速度;当固液界面前沿温度梯度大于4.17 ℃/mm时,最大稳态拉坯速度实验值和理论值吻合较好.
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