铀和铀合金用涂层不同于通常的耐高温涂层,不仅要求具有耐高温和抗热震,还要求涂层与基体和熔体之间具有化学稳定性.分析了熔炼过程中的铀和铀合金的碳污染源和污染机理.表明炉内的CO和涂层的缺陷面积是熔体碳污染的主要来源,而熔体的碳污染对涂层缺陷面积更敏感,并指出了涂层的设计要求.不同涂层材料体系和制备方法的比较表明:单层涂层不能满足高性能高质量铀和铀合金熔炼的要求;内层为阻挡层(碳化物或难熔金属W,Nb,Mo等),外层为Y2O3的复合涂层,能够满足高温铀合金的熔炼要求,是铀和铀合金用涂层的发展趋势.
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