采用改进的柠檬酸法合成了Sc掺杂的锰酸锶镧(LSM)材料(LSMS), 即La0.8Sr0.2Mn1-xScxO3±δ (简写为LSMSx, x=0, 0.02, 0.05和0.1)复合氧化物. 采用X射线衍射(XRD)、程序升温还原(H2-TPR)及电化学方法分别对合成材料的结构、还原行为及以LSMSx-YSZ(即LSMSx与8%Y2O3掺杂的ZrO2复合物)为阴极的中温固体氧化物燃料电池的性能进行了表征. XRD结果表明,在焙烧温度900 ℃、 Sc掺杂量较低(x<0.1)时LSMS材料能形成纯钙钛矿结构,随着掺杂量和焙烧温度提高, LSMS发生了不同程度的Sc2O3偏析现象. H2-TPR结果表明,焙烧温度对材料还原峰的形状和温度影响较大. 由于Sc的掺杂以及Sc2O3的析出在样品结构中引入了结构缺陷,提高了LSMS中Mn4+和氧空位的浓度,加快了体相氧的迁移,改善了材料的还原性. 但是随着Sc含量和焙烧温度提高, Sc掺杂对样品的还原活性改善不明显,这是由于Sc2O3偏析量增加引起的. 电化学方法表征结果表明, LSMSx-YSZ复合阴极电池性能受Sc掺杂量、操作温度及阴极焙烧温度的影响. 在本研究的掺杂范围内, Sc的掺杂显著提高了LSM基阴极低温操作的性能. 这主要是由于Sc掺杂LSMS-YSZ复合阴极中氧空位的数目增加,导致阴极对氧还原反应的电化学活性提高,改善了LSM基阴极由于氧空位不足引起低温下极化损失严重的问题.
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