碳／碳（C／C）复合材料在高温含氧气氛下的氧化烧蚀问题严重制约该材料在航空航天领域的推广应用，基体改性技术是提高该材料高温抗氧化抗烧蚀能力的有效手段。介绍了目前发展的化学气相渗透、先驱体转化、反应熔体浸渗、化学气相反应等基体改性技术的主要方法，综述了SiC，ZrC，TaC，HfC，ZrB2，WC，Cu等抗氧化和抗烧蚀组元改性C／C复合材料的研究现状。指出难熔金属碳化物和硼化物，如HfC，ZrC，TaC，HfB2，ZrB2等，具有熔点高、高温性能稳定、抗烧蚀性能优良等特点，是提高C／C复合材料高温抗氧化抗烧蚀的理想基体改性材料，并提出了C／C复合材料基体改性研究中存在的问题和今后潜在的发展方向。
Oxidation and ablation of carbon/carbon （C/C） composites in oxidation-containing environments limits their applications as the high-temperature structural materials in aeronautics and aerospace fields. Matrix modification is an effective method for protecting C/C composites against oxidation and ablation at high temperature. The methods for matrix modification, including chemical vapor infiltration, precursor infiltration pyrolysis, reactive melt infiltration and chemical vapor reaction, were introduced. The research status of several modification materials, including SiC, ZrC, TaC, HfC, ZrB2, WC and Cu, were reviewed. Refractory carbides or borides, such as HfC, ZrC, TaC, HfB2 and ZrB2, characterized by high melting point, excellent stability and ablation resistance at high temperature, are the perfect candidates for modifying C/C composites. The present problems and the potential development direction on the investigation of matrix modification for C/C composites were also proposed.
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