纳米多孔金属镍材料的研制成功，开拓了多孔金属新的应用领域。综述了脱合金法从Ni—Al合金中制备纳米多孔镍材料的必要条件，并十分析了脱元素法和脱相法各自的特点。脱元素法获得的纳米多孔镍的结构是三维无序内部互连通孔结构，而脱相法会产生原有的γ相或γ’相与多孔结构互相交织的网状结构，其中互通孔道大多为几百纳米宽。脱相法是个电化学控制的过程，脱元素法不需要加电压。同时，指出了纳米多孔镍基材料的应用领域及今后的研究方向。
The successful development of nanoporous nickel and nickel alloy materials has opened up new application fields of porous metal. Essential requirement of the nanoporous nickel materials preparaed by dealloying from Ni-AI alloy was reviewed in this paper. The specialties of de-element and de-phase method were also pointed out respectively. Nanop- orous structure of nickel material by de-element method is three-dimensional disordered structure via interconnect, while the de-phase method will produce the original γphase（ or γ＇-phase） interconnected network structure containing porosity on the nanoscale, which mostly open channels have a few hundred nanometers wide. De-phase is the process of electrochemi- cal control, de-element method does not require the applied voltage. These materials application fields and their develop- ment directions in future were also discussed.
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