为优化直流埋弧炉工业硅冶炼过程,建立二维轴对称等离子体电弧的磁流体动力学模型,运用有限元分析软件,计算得到了等离子体电弧的形态特征分布,并与已有的实验测量结果进行了比较.通过计算不同电流、弧长条件下电弧的温度、速度变化以及熔池表平面的热通量组成分布,分析了电弧的形态变化规律和电弧的传热方式,由此计算不同电流值、不同电弧弧长的条件时,电弧向阳极熔池表面传热的效率.结果表明:弧长越长,向熔池表面传热的效率越小;电流越大,向熔池表面传热的效率越高.基于结果分析,工业硅生产应采用长电弧低电流高电压的冶炼模式.
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