在本文中,我们报告了1M~3实验高炉冶炼包头铁矿时所取得的煤气、炉尘和炉料样品的分析结果。实验结果指出,氟在炉顶煤气中绝大部分系以氟化氢的形态存在。从热力学计算与实验结果的比较,得知煤气中的氟化氢与炉料中石灰或石灰石之间的化学反应接近平衡。由于石灰或石灰石对氟化氢的吸收作用,在正常高炉操作条件下,炉顶煤气的含氟量仅约3—13毫克/立方米。因此,可以预料由于矿石含氟而引起的一系列高炉冶炼上的问题,均可以较顺利地获得解决。另外,我们对炉内各平面边缘煤气中含氟量变化的规律,以及氟进入炉尘的机理均作了讨论。
During two campaigns of smelting Pao-Tou iron ore in a 1 M~3 experimental blast-furnace,samples of furnace gas were taken at different levels and analyzed for fluorine and silicon. Inorder that absorption of fluorine from the furnace gas by the dust contained there-in shall not takeplace during cooling of the gas samples, a method has been devised for separating the dust fromthe furnace gas at the prevailing temperature. The dust samples were analyzed by chemical and X-raymethods. Besides, some solid samples were also taken from the furnace and analyzed chemically. From the results of this investigation, it has been found that the fluorine content of the furnacegas depends primarily on the temperature. Consequently, the fluorine content of the blast-furnacetop gas is expected to be extremly low when the top gas temperature is not unusually high. Infact, the top gas samples analyzed as low as 3—13 mg. of fluorine per M~3 under normal conditions.It has also been found that fluorine exists in the furnace gas predominantly in the form of HF.From a thermodynamic point of view, the reactions between HF in the furnace gas and CaO orCaCO_3 in the solid charge have been found to approach equilibrium closely. This fact explains whythe fluorine content of the furnace gas is controlled by temperature as a principal factor. From the distribution of fluorine among the various furnace products, it has been found that apredominant part of fluorine enters the slag, a small amount goes into the dust, while the fluorinecontent of the top gas is very low. From the evidence provided by X-ray investigation, it has beenestablished that fluorine exists in the dust chiefly as CaF_2. The mechanism of the movement of fluorine in the blast-furnace is briefly discussed.
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