石墨烯是碳的又一同素异形体,具有独特的二维结构和优异的力学、电学、光学、热学等性能,成为富勒烯和碳纳米管之后的又一研究热点.全面综述了近几年来石墨烯的制备方法,详细讨论了微机械剥离法、化学剥离法、化学合成法、外延生长法、电弧法、化学气相沉积法的优缺点,并针对制备方法存在的产量低、结构不稳定、高污染等问题,提出了一些大规模可控制备高质量石墨烯的建议.还结合石墨烯的结构和特性,概括了石墨烯在复合材料、微电子、光学、能源、生物医学等领域的应用进展,并展望了其主要研究方向和发展趋势.
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